Quantittative Research Essay

quantifi sufficient inquiry is very common in natural sciences. three-figure look for is apply to verify or support a hypothesis that already exists. Being with come out of the closet the structure provided by a hypothesis in numeric query between variables runneled, whitethorn create feeling of insecurity. This is understandable since vicenary explore on human behaviour has a more clearly defined query agenda. Research is conducted finished a cycle of phases. The modes utilize to carry out quantative look be selective information analysis, which is accumulate through with(predicate) statistics.The nature of this type of perspective is cognize as positivism because it strives to herald the creation it keep be understood in cardinal context. Quantitative research uses a deductive approach, making predictions, and testing hypothesis that claim already been carried out. (Cooli back end, H. 1999) Researchers of numeric research work with numerical data by ana lysing numbers. Characteristics start out to be put in place in inn for results to be accurate and reliable. Prior to conducting a research, investigators countenance to state more or less(prenominal) hypotheses. The next task carried out prior to the research is to implement the turn they be going to use.Researchers have to provide statistical meaningful data and in devote to do this they have to use large teeming samples of people. A quantifiable sample of 200 people is an absolute minimum in order to carry out a reliable statistical analysis. The accuracy of the research is important therefore correct procedures atomic number 18 assiduous to collect data analysis. In quantitative research due to the nature, trus twainrthy types of methods are used to conduct research. Quantitative research is d peerless through questioning and observing. Researchers rear manipulate real parts of the taste when criterion the results.The methods are of systematic approach the four main types of research used in quantitative research are descriptive or watch over research, correlational research, casual comparative degree research and experimental research. (Bryman, A. 2004) Correlational research attempts to determine the relationships between two or more variables, experimental research attempts to look for an cause and lay out between two or more variables. Correlational and group difference studies look at existing data this is a non-experimental composition. The cause an effect here assess the relationship from one study that exists with another study which is the homogeneous.Whilst in casual comparative research the researcher has no control over the casual part or independent variable because it is studied after the fact, this effect is also known as the dependent variable (D. V). Experimental research and casual comparative research looks at cause and effect relationship between two or more variables the difference between the two researches is that casual comparative research have no control whereas experimental research the researcher has control over the independent variable (I. V). (Bryman, A. 2004) A longitudinal regard was conducted looking at behavioural patterns of sport fandoms.The service program of this research was to go bad the behaviour of human explained by kind facts. Longitudinal studies set up be useful because they study the same group of participants over a certain aspect as time passes. The survey examined showing the behavioural atom of sport fandom attending games. The data was collected in consecutive seasons, the methodological analysis of study was to be reliable and in order to do this they collected data between clubs. The advantage of this survey showed the composition of the crowd, and their patent behaviour.The usefulness of using quantative methodology was to measure overt behaviour, and the different aspects in bill the composition of the sports crowd. This study can be replicated a gain to compare the quantitative methodology. In this research the reliableness and validity is determined more than a qualitative technique. Even though the survey showed the composition of the crowd and their overt behaviour, the methodology does not attempt to explain the underlying effronterys of sport fandom. The individuals in the study are regarded as a exercise set of variables making them like across persons and across situations. (www)Structure interviews usually carried out on at random selected sample of people. In a structured interview the researcher has pre set questions that a subject is required to answer in a devoted way. Structured interviews are conducted in a casual manner and may produce spontaneous and realistic answers. The standard interviews can be mouth and applied to the entire population. Sampling of subjects can be difficult, and formal interviews conducted in routine manner may not produce realistic answers. The British Crime Survey (B. C. S) car ries out surveys of randomly selected sample of people questioned by structured interviews.In order to understand, the experience of crime and behaviour. (Bryman, A, 2004) In questionnaires and surveys the experiments can be studied on large sample of people. Researchers are able to ask questions about feeling and behaviour in real situations, the method is cheap. The selected people can be generalised about the real world because they are chosen randomly. In the questionnaire and survey the negative aspect can be that people may not respond truthfully. It is difficult to manifest the cause an effect. Questions in surveys may not have been asked about variables. excessively through surveys and questionnaires research is often collected which is manipulated. Peoples responses are put in categories that might fit in order to claim meaning. (Coolican, H. 1999) Asch (1951) study was conducted to carry out if conformity took place. Asch (1951) did a perceptual test to measure conformit y there were 36 confederates in the experiment, 20 trials took place. The study was carried out in a laboratory setting. In the experiment where a number of butt ends who were confederates of the experiment. In the experiment the stooges where told to give incorrect answers.Participant engraft it hard in the perceptual test to identify which 3 lines was the same length has the standard line. In this study 74% of participants did agree with the stooges finding of fact and conformed. The mean average of conformity rate amongst participants was 32%. Many psychologists have criticised Aschs study because they feel the participants where young offenders on probation. The set of participants were under authority figures acting has their experimenters. The other criticism Asch has received was how could one cogitate the perceptual task to conformity in real life.The other factor that couldve affected conformity in the perceptual task was if there was one participant and one stooge, con formity wouldve been rather low than one stooge being present in the experiment possibility of conformity would be then higher. The higher the status of stooge the likelihood of conformity would be higher, than if the stooge is a fellow student. Other factors considered to influence different results would be if lines where relatively similar to the standard line then the task would effect the conformity rate. It was a time consuming study, because one participant was time-tested at a time.In this study the participants were misleaded because of the stooges. The usefulness of the stooges in this experiment was to provide a result whether conformity existed. Rosenow and Rosenthal (1977) suggest that some studies, researchers have clear expectations about what should happen in their research study this can affect on the outcome. In other words, to some extent, researchers find what they are expecting to find, simply because they are expected to find it. (Coolican, H. 1999) Research c an sometimes produce ambiguous interpretations where studies have manipulated the independent variable.Validity in experiments only when exists if the true cause and effect relationship is identified. In experimental methods utilization of one variable can take place in order to keep the other variables constant. Experiments take place to discover accurate and diminutive discoveries of relationships between variables. In order to rule out alternative conflicting variables designs of experiments are carefully thought. so a validity of experiment carried out on a study should help researcher in future tense to create and design better experiment. (Russel, J. 000) Researcher In quantitative research is a mere objective observer. In this research the researcher does not participate or influence what is being studied. This is the basic underlying assumption of the method that guides this study. It is through this sequence the types of data are collected. Experiments carried out in field studies are dependn has reliable, because people react and behave in an prevalent context. On the other hand laboratory studies can be unreliable because variables are controlled, they are low in validity and artificial. Coolican, H. 1999) Researchers use quantitative research in order to find results from experiments. Experiments used in social science have to be done so that they are internally and externally valid. (www. uwa. com In conclusion it can be said that some researchers find that some experiments using quantitative method have limited usefulness because of the low external validity for example of their inapplicability to the real world. On the other hand some researchers consider quantitative research can be statistically reliable.Some researchers find that studies in some cases are manipulated and the results are biased in the way they are measured. The determination of the reliability on quantitative research can be from one report concept, product package if it is better than the alternative. Researchers using quantitative research see whether a particular population shares certain characteristics in common. Quantitative research is used in connection with statistical analysis and generalisation of descriptions. Therefore it is seen appropriate to be used in research to measure twain attitudes and behaviour.